Italic text is denoted _thus_.
The spelling, hyphenation, punctuation and accentuation are as the
original, except for apparent typographical errors which have been
corrected.
[Illustration: _Circe._
_From the painting by E. Burne-Jones._]
Comprising all his Works Collected
under the Title of “Morals” · Translated
from the Greek by Several Hands
Corrected and Revised by WILLIAM
W. GOODWIN, Ph.D., Professor of
Greek Literature in Harvard University
In Five Volumes · Volume Five
[Illustration: HONOS ET VIRTUS]
BOSTON · LITTLE, BROWN
AND COMPANY · MCMXI
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1870,
By LITTLE, BROWN, AND COMPANY,
In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.
Copyright, 1898, 1905,
By LITTLE, BROWN, AND COMPANY.
Printers
S. J. PARKHILL & CO., BOSTON, U. S. A.
The very idea of eating the carcasses of slain animals is repulsive,
8. Who could have begun the practice, but from the direst necessity?
4. Men must have been driven to the deed of slaying animals for food,
because the supply of food from the vegetable world had utterly
failed, 4, 5. We have no such necessity, 5. Man is not by nature
a carnivorous animal, 7. Our conduct in slaying animals and then
preparing them for food is wholly against nature, 8. Animal food is
injurious: it clogs and confuses the mind and renders it stupid, 9.
It operates unfavorably on character, 9, 10. If we must eat flesh,
let it be with sorrow and pity; not tormenting and abusing the poor
animal before taking its life, 11. Passing the bounds of nature in
our feeding, intemperate appetites and shameful lusts are gratified,
12. Cruelty to mankind is induced, 12. Animals have senses; they
have faculties for seeing, hearing, understanding: is it right to
extinguish these faculties? 13. Who knows but the bodies of animals
may contain the souls of deceased men; of a father, brother, son, or
other friend? 14, 15.
1. Antiphon, 17-21. 2. Andocides, 21-23. 3. Lysias, 24-26. 4.
Isocrates, 27-33. 5. Isaeus, 33. 6. Aeschines, 34-36. 7. Lycurgus,
36-42. 8. Demosthenes, 43-53. 9. Hyperides, 53-57. 10. Dinarchus, 57,
58. Decrees proposed to the Athenians for statues to be set up to
Demosthenes, 58-63.
It is maintained by some, that after a certain time men should not
employ themselves in public affairs, 64. The love of honor and zeal
for the public good never grows old, 65. It is not well for a man
who has never been accustomed to public business to commence such
employment late in life, 66. An aged man may usefully conduct public
affairs, as we see in the instances of Augustus Caesar, Pericles, and
Agesilaus, 67, 68. Simonides and Sophocles, in old age, were good
poets, 68. It is unworthy of a man who has served the public many
years, to descend, in the decline of life, to mean employments, 69,
70. Political life has pleasures very great and honorable, 71. A man
should not suffer his glory to wither in old age, 72. Reputation once
acquired is easily maintained, and the people readily trust their
old and faithful servants, 73. Envy and jealousy do not assail old
age, 73, 74. It is not easy to terminate a long and faithful public
service, 74. An old man staying at home, and spending his time in
small matters is not honored, 75. Old men, full of experience and
of wisdom, are often compelled by their fellow-citizens to conduct
difficult negotiations, 76. Old age of itself is not a good reason
for quitting the public service, 77, 78. Young men for war, but
old men for counsel, 78. The Roman council of state is called the
Senate, 79. The regal dignity has cares and toils, but who would
advise the king to abdicate? 80. Old men in office may instruct and
guide younger statesmen, 81, 82. Old men are often hale and vigorous,
and so not disabled for the service of the state, 83. Examples of
Phocion, Masinissa, and Cato, 83. Idleness enervates even great men,
as Lucullus, while constant employment invigorates, 84. Our country
has claims on our services, 85. Yet old age should have becoming
employment, 86. An aged man should abstain from small and frivolous
matters, 87. Offices of honor and dignity befit old men, 88. They
should not eagerly seek office, 88. Old men should not be forward to
speak in public, they should speak on grave occasions, 89. On other
occasions, let them yield to younger men, 89, 90. Let them comfort
and encourage deserving young men in their failures, 91. To be a
statesman is not only to hold office and conduct negotiations, but
also to guide, instruct, and assist those who conduct public affairs,
when occasion requires, 93, 94. Even men in private stations may do
this, and thus serve their country till death, 95, 96.