THE PRINCIPLES
OF
PSYCHOLOGY
BY
1918
Its distinction from perception. Its cognitive
function--acquaintance with qualities. No pure sensations after the
first days of life. The 'relativity of knowledge'. The law of
contrast. The psychological and the physiological theories of it.
Hering's experiments. The 'eccentric projection' of sensations.
Our images are usually vague. Vague images not necessarily general
notions. Individuals differ in imagination; Gabon's researches.
The 'visile' type, 58. The 'audile' type. The 'motile' type.
Tactile images, 65. The neural process of imagination. Its
relations to that of sensation.
Perception and sensation. Perception is of definite and probable
things. Illusions;--of the first type;--of the second
type. The neural process in perception. 'Apperception'.
Is perception an unconscious inference? Hallucinations,
114. The neural process in hallucination. Binet's theory.
'Perception-time'.
The feeling of crude extensity. The perception of spatial order.
Space-'relations'. The meaning of localization. 'Local
signs'. The construction of 'real' space. The subdivision
of the original sense-spaces. The sensation of motion over
surfaces. The measurement of the sense-spaces by each other.
Their summation. Feelings of movement in joints. Feelings
of muscular contraction. Summary so far. How the blind
perceive space. Visual space. Helmholtz and Reid on the
test of a sensation. The theory of identical points. The
theory of projection. Ambiguity of retinal impressions;--of
eye-movements. The choice of the visual reality. Sensations
which we ignore. Sensations which seem suppressed. Discussion
of Wundt's and Helmholtz's reasons for denying that retinal sensations
are of extension. Summary. Historical remarks.
Belief and its opposites. The various orders of reality.
'Practical' realities. The sense of our own bodily existence is
the nucleus of all reality. The paramount reality of sensations.
The influence of emotion and active impulse on belief. Belief
in theories. Doubt. Relations of belief and will.
'Recepts'. In reasoning, we pick out essential qualities.
What is meant by a mode of conceiving. What is involved in the
existence of general propositions. The two factors of reasoning.
Sagacity. The part played by association by similarity.
The intellectual contrast between brute and man: association by
similarity the fundamental human distinction. Different orders of
human genius.
The diffusive wave. Every sensation produces reflex effects on the
whole organism.
Its definition. Instincts not always blind or invariable.
Two principles of non-uniformity in instincts: 1) Their inhibition by
habits; 2) Their transitoriness. Man has more instincts than
any other mammal. Reflex impulses. Imitation. Emulation.
Pugnacity. Sympathy. The hunting instinct. Fear.
Acquisitiveness. Constructiveness. Play. Curiosity.
Sociability and shyness. Secretiveness. Cleanliness.
Shame. Love. Maternal love.